Vol. 3, No. 2, 1997 Page 5

LIFE EVENTS: GENES PLAY A MAJOR ROLE

Prisoners often complain that 'bad breaks" drove them to crime. But a new study suggests that these bad breaks often are a result not of fate, but of the criminals' own genetically-based personality traits.

John Billig et al. evaluated the relationship between life events and personality, studying 216 identical and 114 non-identical male twins to control for the effects of genetics. The 17-year-old subjects were asked about three types of life events:

• Events effecting all family members (e.g., "has your family ever moved to a new house or apartment?").
• Non-family events independent of the subject's own behavior (e.g., "have any of your close friends ever moved away?").
• Non-family events that could have been influenced by the subject's behavior(e.g., "have you ever lost a job?").

Their data, Billig et al. say, revealed that "life events dependent on individual behavior [showed] significant genetic influence, and that this genetic influence [was] correlated with genetic influences on personality." In particular, the researchers say, their data suggest that "the attributes which characterize low-constraint individuals, such as impulsivity, recklessness, risk taking, and rebelliousness, induce adverse consequences in the individuals possessing these traits."

"Life events and personality in late adolescence: genetic and environmental relations," John P. Billig, Scott L. Hershberger, William G. Iacono, and Matt McGue, Behavior Genetics, Vol. 26,No. 6, 1996, pp. 543-554. Address: Scott L. Hershberger, Dept. of Psychology, University of Kansas, 426 Fraser Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2160.

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